Greek ideas and their impact on modern philosophy: The skeptical approach as a model

M.M. Ali Salman Awad 426-445

Abstract

    In the summary of this research must recognize that there is a relationship between the civilizations of the ancient world, represented by their history, ideas, and what they produced in the past and up to their present, in addition to the influence of civilizations on each other, such as the ancient Iraqi civilization (the civilization of Mesopotamia), the Nile Valley civilization, and the Greek civilization. This influence initially came through the question of the origin of the universe, and the mythical answers given by these three civilizations, which some consider the beginning of philosophy. Then came the influence of Greek philosophy, which some, or many, consider to be the origin of true philosophy, in the time of Thales, who looked at water and declared it the origin of existence. This philosophy then spread through translations to the Arab Muslims, where it came to be called Islamic philosophy. After that, it spread to Europe, where modern and contemporary philosophy emerged. This is what we discussed during our research, which indicated the influence of Descartes on the Greek method of skepticism, followed by the dialectical method between Heraclitus and Hegel on the one hand, and Heraclitus and Nietzsche on the other. The methodology used in this research is the descriptive analytical method. Keywords: skepticism – dialectic